SOURCES:
Ilene Ruhoy, MD, neurologist, medical director, EDS/Chiari Center, Mount Sinai South Nassau Hospital.
Sarah Diekman MD, chief resident, occupational and environmental medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Jenneh Rishe, RN, founder, Endometriosis Center.
Alissa Zingman, MD, founder and CEO, P.R.I.S.M. Spine & Joint.
Paula Luber, MD, family medicine doctor.
Dusenbury, M. Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick, HarperOne.
Academic Emergency Medicine: “Gender disparity in analgesic treatment of emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain.”
Canadian Medical Association Journal: “The effect of patients’ sex on physicians’ recommendations for total knee arthroplasty.”
New England Journal of Medicine: “Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department.”
Diagnosis: “Missed diagnosis of stroke in the emergency department: a cross-sectional analysis of a large population-based sample.”
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases: “Women with early rheumatoid arthritis are referred later than men.”
BMJ Open: “Gender inequalities in the promptness of diagnosis of bladder and renal cancer after symptomatic presentation: evidence from secondary analysis of an English primary care audit survey.”
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics: “The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women in the Treatment of Pain.”
BMC Womens Health: “Twenty years and still counting: including women as participants and studying sex and gender in biomedical research.”
Stat: “20 years ago, a landmark report spotlighted systemic racism in medicine. Why has so little changed?”
Pain Medicine: “Time to Take Stock: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Analgesic Treatment Disparities for Pain in the United States.”
Obesity Research: “Primary care physicians’ attitudes about obesity and its treatment.”
New York Times: “Labs Are Told to Start Including a Neglected Variable: Females.”
Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine: “SIDM Roadmap for Research to Improve Diagnosis – Converting National Academy of Medicine Recommendations into Policy Action.”
JAMA Surgery: “Surgical Outcomes Should Know No Identity—The Case for Equity Between Patients and Surgeons.”
BMJ: “Comparison of postoperative outcomes among patients treated by male and female surgeons: a population based matched cohort study.”
JAMA Internal Medicine: “Comparison of Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates for Medicare Patients Treated by Male vs Female Physicians.”
PNAS: “Patient-physician gender concordance and increased mortality among female heart attack patients.”