SOURCES:
Michael Weaver, MD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences; medical director, Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
J. Wesley Boyd, MD, PhD, psychiatrist, Cambridge Health Alliance; assistant professor, Harvard Medical School.
American Society of Addiction Medicine: “The Definition of Addiction.”
National Institute on Drug Abuse: “Drug Facts: Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction,” “Addiction Science,” “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction,” “Twin Studies Help Define the Role of Genes in Vulnerability to Drug Abuse,” “Promising Advances Toward Understanding the Genetic Roots of Addiction.”
Ersche, K. Biological Psychiatry, July 2013.
Greenberg, J. Addictive Behaviors, July 1999.
Kendler, K. JAMA Psychiatry, March 2015.
Kendler, K. JAMA Psychiatry, July 2012.