Union Budget 2024: This Budget, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman made an important announcement regarding the simplification of the capital gains tax rates. The new updates entail a 5% increase in the short-term capital gains tax (STCG) on certain financial assets, raising the rate to 20% from the previous rate of 15%.
In the financial year 2024-25, the long-term capital gains tax rate for all financial and non-financial assets has been established at 12.5 percent. This adjustment in the tax rate is a proactive measure by the government aimed at bolstering support for individuals within the middle and lower-income strata.
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Notably, in line with the recent Budget 2024, the exemption threshold for capital gains has been elevated to Rs 1.25 lakh per annum, representing a substantial increase from the prior cap of Rs 1 lakh annually. Such a policy enhancement intends to offer enhanced relief to taxpayers while also fostering economic development.
It is crucial to note that these revised rate will solely be applicable to specified financial assets, maintaining the existing tax rates for other financial and non-financial assets. This alteration aims to streamline tax regulations and ensure fairness in the taxation of financial assets.
In this regard, the Income Tax department issues a set of FAQs to further explain what changes the government has introduced. Here’s the list:
Q1. What are the major changes brought about in the taxation of capital gains by the Finance (No.2) Bill, 2024?
> The taxation of capital gains has been rationalised and simplified. There are 5 broad parameters to this rationalisation and simplification, namely:-
(i) Holding period has been simplified. There are only two holding periods now, viz. 1 year and 2 year.
(ii) Rates have been rationalised and made uniform for majority of assets.
(iii) Indexation has been done away with for ease of computation with simultaneous reduction of rate from 20% to 12.5%.
(iv) Parity between Resident and Non-resident.
(v) No change in rollover benefits.
Q2. What is the date when the new taxation provisions come into force?
> The new provisions for taxation of capital gains come into force from 23.7.2024 and shall apply to any transfer made on or after 23.7.2024.
Q3. How has the holding period been simplified?
> Earlier there were three holding period for considering an asset to be a longterm capital asset. Now the holding period has been simplified. There are only two holding periods,- for listed securities, it is one year, for all other assets, it is two years.
Q4. Who will benefit from the change in the holding period?
> The holding period of all listed assets will be now one year. Therefore, for listed units of business trusts (ReITs, InVITs) holding period is reduced from 36 months to 12 months. The holding period of gold, unlisted securities (other than unlisted shares) is also reduced from 36 months to 24 months.
Q5. What about the holding period of immovable property and unlisted shares?
> The holding period of immovable property and unlisted shares remains the same as earlier i.e. 24 months.
Q6. Please elaborate on the change in the rate structure for STT paid capital assets?
> The rate for short-term STT paid listed equity, Equity oriented mutual fund and units of business trust (Section 111A) has increased from 15 to 20%. Similarly the rate for these assets for long-term (S. 112A) has increased from 10 to 12.5%.
Q7. Is there any change in the exemption limit for long-term capital gains under section 112A which was earlier Rs 1 lakh?
> Yes. The exemption limit of 1 lakh for LTCG on these assets has also increased to 1.25 lakh Rs. This increased exemption limit will apply for FY 2024-25 and subsequent years.
Q8. Please elaborate on change in the rate structure for other long-term capital gains?
> The rate for other long-term capital gains on all assets has been rationalized to 12.5% without indexation (Section 112). This rate was earlier 20% with indexation. This will help in simplifying the taxation of capital gains and their easy computation.
Q9. Who will benefit by change in rate from 20% (with indexation) to 12.5% (without indexation)?
> The reduction in the rate will benefit all category of assets. In most of the cases, the taxpayers will benefit substantially. But where the gain is limited vis-a vis inflation, the benefit will also be limited or absent in a few cases.
Q10. Can the taxpayer continue to avail the roll over benefits on capital gains?
> Yes. The rollover benefits remain the same as earlier. There is no change in roll over benefits already available under the IT Act. Therefore, taxpayers who want to save on LTCG tax even with low rates, can continue to avail the roll over benefits on fulfillment of conditions as applicable.
Q11. In which assets, can the long-term capital gains be invested for roll over benefits?
> For rollover benefits, taxpayers can invest their gains in-house under section 54 or section 54F or in certain bonds under section 54EC. For complete details of all rollover benefits, please refer section 54, 54B, 54D, 54EC 54F, 54G of the IT Act.
Q12. What is the amount up to which rollover benefit is available?
> Investment of capital gain in 54EC bonds (up to Rs. 50 lakh) and in other cases, the capital gain is exempt from tax, subject to certain specified conditions.
Q13. What is the overall rationale for changes?
> Simplification of any tax structure has benefits of ease of compliance viz computation, filing, maintenance of records. This also removes the differential rates for various classes of assets.