Rising expenses and falling revenue, including the Centre’s inability to pay the GST dues, have been leading states into a debt trap after the pandemic scuppered their finances since the beginning of the fiscal.
The latest debt raising is Rs 1,200 crore more than the notified amount as Maharashtra and Jharkhand accepted an additional Rs 1,000 crore and Rs 200 crore, respectively.
So far this fiscal year (between April 7 and October 6), 28 states and two Union Territories have cumulatively raised Rs 3.75 lakh crore via market borrowings, which is 55 per cent more than the borrowings in the same period of FY20 when it stood at Rs 2.43 lakh crore, according to a data analysis by Care Ratings.
As per the borrowing calendar for the first three quarters this fiscal, the states are to borrow Rs 5.07 lakh crore. States have already borrowed nearly 75 per cent of this amount.
In the first half, their borrowings were 16 per cent (Rs 48,115 crore) more than the amount as per the borrowing calendar for the period.
The lockdown led a sharp decline in the revenues of the states coupled with higher expenditure requirements to mitigate the impact of the pandemic that has severely pressured their finances.
To meet funding requirements, states have been increasingly resorting to market borrowings. There has been a significant increase in the market borrowings for states so far in the current financial.
While Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan have been the top five borrowing states – accounting for 52 per cent of the total borrowings so far, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh and Tripura saw their borrowing surging between 21 and 343 per cent.
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Nagaland have seen their market borrowings increase by over 100 per cent from the year-ago period, while Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Haryana, Assam, Uttrakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Chhattisgarh witnessed a rise of 50-100 per cent.
Sikkim, Telangana, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Bengal and Mizoram have witnessed an increase of 23-36 per cent.